Chordoma

Chordoma is a rare type of cancer that occurs in the sacrum bone (as well as the spine and skull). It develops from remnants of the notochord, a structure that helps form the spine during early development. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, and neurological issues if the tumor presses on nearby nerves. Treatment usually involves surgery to remove the tumor.

Undifferentiated High-grade Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Bone

Undifferentiated high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma of bone is a rare and aggressive type of bone cancer. "Undifferentiated" means that the cancer cells don’t have specific features that clearly identify them, making it hard to determine exactly what type of cancer it is. "High-grade" indicates that the cells are growing quickly and are likely to spread. "Pleomorphic" means the cells can vary in shape and size. This type of sarcoma usually affects older adults and can occur in any bone, but often in the arms or legs. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, and limited movement in the affected area. Treatment typically involves surgery to remove the tumor, along with chemotherapy.

Fibrosarcoma of Bone

Fibrosarcoma of bone is a rare type of cancer that develops in the fibrous tissue of the bones. This cancer usually occurs in the long bones, like those in the arms and legs, and can affect people of all ages, though it's more common in adults. Symptoms often include pain and swelling in the affected area, and sometimes a noticeable lump. Treatment typically involves surgery to remove the tumor, and in some cases, chemotherapy.

Adamantinoma

Adamantinoma is a rare type of bone tumor that usually affects the tibia, which is the large bone in the lower leg. It’s a slow-growing tumor that can be difficult to accurately diagnosis because it may look benign (non-cancerous) but can sometimes be aggressive and spread. Symptoms often include pain, swelling, and sometimes a noticeable lump in the affected area. Treatment typically involves surgery to remove the tumor – reconstruction options include the use of intercalary allograft or intercalary autografts.