An osteochondroma is a common type of benign (non-cancerous) bone tumor that usually forms near the growth plates of bones, often in the arms, legs, or pelvis. It consists of both bone and cartilage. Osteochondromas often appear as a hard bump on the bone and may cause pain or discomfort, especially if they press on nearby nerves or tissues. Many people don’t experience any symptoms and may only discover it during an X-ray for another reason. Treatment usually isn’t needed unless the tumor causes problems; in that case, surgery may be performed to remove it.

Multiple hereditary exostosis (MHE) is a genetic condition that causes the growth of multiple benign (non-cancerous) bone tumors called exostoses. These tumors usually form near the ends of bones, especially in the arms and legs, and are made of cartilage and bone. People with MHE may have noticeable bumps on their bones, which can cause pain or limit movement. The condition is inherited, meaning it runs in families. While the tumors are generally not harmful, they can lead to complications like bone deformities or joint issues. Treatment may involve monitoring the tumors or, if they cause problems, surgery to remove them.

An enchondroma is a type of benign (non-cancerous) tumor that forms from cartilage cells. Enchondromas typically develop in the long bones (humerus, femur, tibia) and can also occur in the hands and feet. These tumors usually don’t cause any symptoms. Many people might not even know they have one until it’s found during an X-ray for another reason. In some cases, if the enchondroma gets larger, it can cause pain or lead to fractures. Treatment may not be necessary unless there are symptoms or signs of aggressiveness. Surgery may involve either curettage (scraping of the lesion) and filling the defect with bone graft or resection of the lesions.

Chondroblastoma is a rare type of benign (non-cancerous) bone tumor that usually develops in the cartilage at the ends of long bones, particularly around the knee and hip. It most often affects teenagers and young adults. Symptoms may include localized pain, swelling, or joint stiffness, and it can sometimes limit movement. Chondroblastomas can lead to joint problems if not treated. Surgical treatment often involves curettage (scrapping of the lesion) and grafting of the cavity with bone graft.

Chondromyxoid fibroma is a rare, benign (non-cancerous) tumor that usually occurs in the bones, particularly in the long bones of the legs or around the knee. Symptoms may include localized pain and swelling in the affected area, especially during activity. Although it’s not cancerous, it can be painful and may weaken the bone, making it more prone to fractures. Surgical treatment often involves curettage (scrapping of the lesion) and grafting of the cavity with bone graft.